ISOLATION OF MICROORGANISMS USING CHROMOGENIC ORIENTATION MEDIA FROM HEALTHY GASTROINTESTINE TRACT (GIT) CHICKEN

Abstract

Sustainable chicken meat production is an important to provide a safe and good quality protein sources for human as foods and nutritions. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens harbors a diverse and a complex microbiota that plays a vital role in digestion and absorption of nutrients, immune system development and pathogen exclusion. But however, the integrity, functionality and health of chicken guts depends on many factors, including environments, feed and the GIT microbiota. The symbiotic interactions between host and microorganisms is a fundamental to improve chicken health and production. Recently, many research studies were carried out on the chicken GIT microbiota relied on new techniques either molecular or microbiological study. A new chromogenic plate medium, CHROMagar Orientation, was used in this study to differentiate and presumptive identification of gram-negative bacilli and enterococcus species by differentiating color on agar plates. The aim of this study is to isolate microbes in five parts of GIT healthy chickens. Two local chicken farms at Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembian; one local chicken farm and two broiler chicken farms at Meru, Kuang and Batang Kali, Selangor. Each farm was collected in duplicate sampling of Healthy GIT chicken. Then the GIT was divided into five parts and microorganisms were isolated using a chromogenic agar plate. After the 37^oC overnight incubation, colonies on the plates were grown and counted. Colony forming unit (CFU) were calculated in each parts based on three basic colour (blue-torquis, pinkish and cream-white). These three colour presented 12 bacteria species such as Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterococcus, S.marcencent, S. agalactiae, Escherichia coli, S. saprophyticus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, S. aureus, S.epidermis and Providensia. From the results, two local farms (A and D) and one broiler farms (E) gave a similar results with value of Log¹⁰CFU/ml within range 4.2626 to 4.1200. Then another two farms (B and C) gave a value of Log¹⁰ CFU/ml which are 0.9755 (local chicken farm) and 1.124 (broiler chicken farm). Thus, this understanding of value reported that these two farms have their chickens with low number of percentage microorganism in GIT’s chicken. This will reflect that the chickens are healthier than other farms. The chromogenic medium was easier found to be facilitating visual by the colouring detection of mixed bacterial species isolates. Further, there is a need for better understanding of the chicken GIT function and microbiology study that will provide us new opportunities for the improvement of chicken health, meats and egg productions.