Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Polygonum minus Extract and Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Properties
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing and promising field that makes best use of inert metals like silver, gold and platinum to synthesize metallic nanoparticles with high potential for various applications. Among all metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have much attention due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (strong absorption in the visible region), which can be easily observed by UV–visible spectrophotometer. This study aims to investigate an antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesize using Polygonum minus extract as a reducing agent and aqueous silver nitrate as a precursor. Based on the observation, the colorless reaction mixture slowly changed from yellowish green to reddish brown and further confirmed by surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) band at 440 nm using UV–visible spectroscopy indicating of reduction of silver ion after several minutes of reaction. The AgNPs was characterized by Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The observation of FE-SEM showed the size of AgNPs was produced in the range of 15 nm – 25 nm while TEM image shows a well-dispersed silver nanoparticles with roughly spherical shape and size ranging particle size 6 – 21 nm. Three bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) were chosen to be tested in this study. The morphological changes of bacterial cells treated with AgNPs were observed by FE-SEM and showed that the AgNPs has good antimicrobial properties against microorganisms and it is proven by low of MIC value. Thus, the ability of AgNPs to release Ag ions is a key to their antimicrobial activity.
References
Ali, Z. A., Yahya, R., Sekaran, S. D., & Puteh, R. (2016). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using apple extract and its antibacterial properties. Advances in Material Science and Engineering, 2016, 1-6.
Anjum, S., Abbasi, B. H. & Shinwari, Z. K. (2016). Plant-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications: Challenges and opportunities. Pak. J. Bot., 48(4), 1731-1760.
Banerjee, P., Satapathy, M., Mukhopahayay, A., & Das, P. (2014). Leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from widely available indian plants: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial property and toxicity analysis. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 1(3), 1-10.
BCC Research Market Forecasting (2012). Nanotechnology: A Realistic Market Assessment. Retrieved October 10, 2019. http://www.bccresearch.com/report/nanotechnology-market-applications-products-nan031e.html.
Bonnia, N. N., Kamaruddin, M. S., Nawawi, M. H., Ratim, S., Azlina, H. N. & Ali, E. S. (2016). Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using ‘Polygonum Hydropiper’ and study its catalytic degradation of methylene blue. Procedia Chemistry, 19, 594 – 602.
Gatto, F. & Bardi, G. (2018). Metallic nanoparticles: General research approaches to immunological characterization. Nanomaterials (Basel), 8(10),753.
Hassim, N., Markom, M., Anuar, N., Dewi, K. H., Baharum, S., & Noor, N. (2015). Antioxidant and antibacterial assays on Polygonum minus extracts: different extraction methods. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015, 1-10.
Hassim, N., Markom, M., Anur, N., & Baharum, S. N. (2014). Solvent selection in extraction of essential oil and bio active compounds from Polygonum minus. Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(13), 1440-1444.
Hyllested, J. A. E., Palanco, M. E., Hagen, N., Mogensen, K. B., & Kneipp, K. (2015). Green preparation and spectroscopic characterization of plasmonic silver nanoparticles using fruits as reducing agents. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol., 6, 293-299.
Jeevanandam, J., Barhoum, A., Chan, Y. S., Dufresne, A. & Danquah, M. K. (2018). Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: History, Sources, Toxicity and Regulations. Beilstein J Nanotechnol, 9, 1050–1074.
Khan, M. Z. H., Tarek, F. K., Nuzat, M., Momin, M. A., & Hasan, M. R. (2017). Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Octimum sanctum and their characterization. Journal of Nanoscience.
Kim, S. H., Lee, H. S., Ryu, D. S., Choi, S. J., & Lee, D. S. (2011). Antibacterial activity of silver-nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Korean Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 39(1), 77-85.
Logeswari, P., Silambarasan, S., & Abraham, J. (2015). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plants extract and analysis of their antimicrobial property. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 19, 311-317.
Makarov, V. V., Love, A. J., Sinitsyna, O. V., Makarova, S. S., Yaminsky, I. V., Taliansky, M. E., & Kalinina, N. O. (2014). “Green” nanotechnologies: Synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Acta Naturae, 6(1), 35 – 44.
Mohamad, Z. A., Johari, M. A., Mitra, A., Puteri, S. A. R., & Onn, H. (2017). Anti-proliferative, in vitro antioxidant, and cellular antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts from Polygonum minus huds: Effects of solvent polarity. International Journal of Food Properties, 20, sup1, 846-862.
Motitswe, M. G., & Fayemi, O. E. (2019). Characterization of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Doped in Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers. American Journal of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Research, 7, 32-48.
Namratha, N., & Monica, P. V. (2013). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) extract and usage in water purification. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3, 170–174.
National Nanotechnology Initiative (2013). National nanotechnology initiative: NNI manufacturing and job creation focus reflected in strong budget numbers for FY 2013.Washington, DC: Office of Science and Technology Policy. Retrieved October 10, 2019. http://www.nano.gov/about-nni/what/funding.
Navya, P. N. & Daima, H. K. (2016). Rational engineering of physicochemical properties of nanomaterials for biomedical applications with nanotoxicological perspectives. Nano Converg., 3(1), 1.
Nurain, A., Noriham, A., Zainon, M. N., Khairusy Syakirah, Z. & Wan Saifatul Syida, W. K. (2012). Phytochemical constituents and in vitro bioactivity of ethanolic aromatic herb extracts. Sains Malaysiana. 41,1437–1444.
PRNewswire. 2018. The Global Nanotechnology Market (by Component and Applications), Funding & Investment, Patent Analysis and 27 Companies Profile & Recent Developments - Forecast to 2024. Retrieved October 10, 2019. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-nanotechnology-market-2018-2024-market-is-expected-to-exceed-us-125-billion-300641054.html.
Qader, S. W., Abdulla, M. A., Chua, L. S., Salehhuddin, H. (2012). Potential bioactive property of Polygonum minus Huds (kesum) review. Scientific Research and Essays. 7, 90–93.
Rao, M. V., Kishore, M. & Rao, Y. H. (2016). Green nanoparticles synthesized from roots of Datura metel and evaluation of antimicrobial activity. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 10(11),730-734.
Roco, M.C. Mirkin, C.A. & Hersam, M.C. (2010). Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020: Retrospective and Outlook, World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) and the National Science Foundation (NSF), Springer, 2010. Retrieved October 11, 2019. http://www.wtec.org/nano2/Nanotechnology_Research_Directions_to_2020.
Silhavy, T. J., Kahne, D., & Walker, S. (2010). The bacterial cell envelope. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2(5), a000414.
Zarina, A. & Nanda, A. (2014). Combined efficacy of antibiotics and biosynthesised silver nanoparticles from Streptomyces Albaduncus. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 6, 1862-1869.
All materials contained within this journal are protected by Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia, Copyright Act 1987 and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, published, or
broadcast without the prior, express written permission of Centre for Graduate Studies, Universiti Selangor, Malaysia. You may not alter or remove any copyright or other notice from copies of this content.
