Selangor Science & Technology Review (SeSTeR)

The Flow Behaviour and Backpressure in Exhaust Muffler for Cars using Computational Fluid Dynamics

SITI MARHAMAH ROSMAN — 2023-12-31

This research aims to design and analyse exhaust muffler in cars using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Exhaust mufflers in cars commonly have noise insulation and typical design to baffle the sound. In this research, the geometrical model of the car muffler was designed using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. Meanwhile, the mass flow rate and the backpressure of the car muffler were analysed using CFD software. The influence of mass flow rate and the backpressure on the design of the car muffler had been studied. From the simulations, the critical points on the exhaust muffler part had been identified and some modifications were made to the current car exhaust muffler design to improve its performance. The trend of the mass flow rate and backpressure of the modified exhaust system was obtained. It can be observed that the mass flow rate of the exhaust gas had increased and meanwhile the backpressure decreased. It can be concluded that the modified car exhaust muffler design has increased flow rates and decreased backpressure which resulted in better engine performance.

Verification of Halal Supply Chain Implementation Framework for Small and Medium Enterprises

Latifah Abd Latib — 2023-12-31

The Halal supply chain network is currently growing globally. The lack of availability of Halal supply information is a major disadvantage in the Halal-related industry as it disrupts the coordination and cooperation between Halal-related stakeholders. In tackling this issue, there is a need to improve the implementation of the Halal supply chain management system for Small and Medium Enterprises. This study aims to develop and verify the framework for Small and Medium Enterprises to improve Halal food supply chain standards through the implementation of the Halal supply chain system. This study uses a qualitative approach to building the Supply Chain Management System Implementation Framework. A total of 10 experts are involved in verifying the Implementation Framework for the Halal Supply Chain Management System. The framework is verified using the Delphi technique with three-stage iterations. The findings show that there are three phases, six components and 12 Critical Success Factors which are verified by all experts during the framework verification session. This study gives insights into the implementation and integration of Halal elements and processes within the SME setting.

A A Statistical Analysis of the Number of Infant Mortality in Peninsular Malaysia

Yati Ashikin Abd Wahab — 2023-12-31

Abstract: Infant mortality is the death of an infant before his or her first birthday. WHO, 2020 stated that all over the world the number of children died is 2.4 million. There are 117 data that is related to infant mortality that have been included in this study. The aim of this research is to estimate the number of infant mortality by modeling regression between maternal death, fertility rate, and adolescent birth rate. The method that is being used in this study is multiple linear regression. Multiple regression is a regression model with multiple independent variables the independent variables are the number of maternal deaths, fertility rate, and adolescent birth rate while the dependent variable is the number of infant mortality. The analysis was done to study the relationship between the number of infant mortality, maternal death, fertility rate, and adolescent birth rate. Graphical presentations and numerical analysis prove the assumptions of multiple linear regression. The strength of the relationship was tested by using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The coefficient of determination is used to determine the value of the proportion of the total variation in infant mortality due to maternal death, fertility rate, and adolescent birth rate. Other than that this study also performed the basic regression diagnostic. This study concludes whether the model is suitable for all the variables used or not.

A Regression Analysis of Calories and Nutrients in Frozen Foods

Hanita Hashim — 2023-12-31

Consumers have a high demand for frozen food products due to their convenient preparation and delicious taste. However, many seem to overlook the contents of these products. Studies have shown that consuming unhealthy and unbalanced meals can lead to an increase in Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs). The purpose of this research is to examine the correlation between calories and nutrients (protein, carbohydrate, and fat) in frozen foods, and propose a model to study this relationship. Data was collected using convenience sampling method, and the findings were analysed using correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between calories and protein, a moderate positive correlation between calories and carbohydrate, and a strong positive correlation between calories and fat. These findings suggest a linear relationship between calories and nutrients in frozen foods, with protein, carbohydrate, and fat all contributing to the regression model. To increase awareness about health in general, experts and scholars in the field of nutrition should continue to expand their research on healthy diets over time.

A Study of Consumer Attitudes and Factors Affecting Electric Vehicles Adoption

Siti Hawa Mohd Yusoff — 2023-12-31

Electric vehicles have been gaining popularity and emerging as a recent trend. Many countries promote the adoption of electric vehicles as a means for their citizens to combat global warming and embrace more eco-friendly transportation options. This research primarily aims to explore the attitudes of consumers regarding the adoption of electric vehicles and the various factors that influence this decision. The primary objective of this study is to identify the key determinants impacting the adoption of electric vehicles. This research follows a quantitative approach and gathers data from 250 respondents in Selangor through an online survey conducted using the convenience sampling method. The findings reveal a significant correlation between consumer attitudes towards electric vehicle adoption and two pivotal factors: the availability of charging infrastructure and government financial incentives. The insights derived from this study can provide valuable insights into consumer preferences, offering guidance to policymakers in formulating strategies and policies aimed at promoting the adoption of electric vehicles in Malaysia.

Understanding the Relationship Between Mood Engagement via Social Media Among Youngsters

Latifah Abd Latib — 2023-12-31

Social media usage severity among different age groups of youngsters is essential. Youngsters can be in the range of 13-30 years old but since this is a larger population, we face difficulty in providing mental health awareness programs to them. Understanding the specific age group could solve this issue. So the study aims to investigate social media mood engagement among different age groups of youngsters., examining the relationship between youngsters' age and mood participation on social media, and investigating the relationship between social media usage severity and mood engagement level. A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 386 youngsters between the ages of 13 and 29 years old, recruited from secondary school, university students, and recent graduates with early careers. The identified data were gathered, and saved online before being exported and analysed in IBM SPSS Statistics (v26). The analysis includes the participants' exploratory analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc tests. The survey's Cronbach's alpha was 0.751. The test indicated that the mean score for secondary school students (M = 1.04 and SD = 0.313) was significantly different from university students (M = 1.23 and SD = 0.675) that are also differed significantly from fresh graduates with early careers (M = 2.09 and SD = 0.995). The university students did not manage to control their emotions by posting pictures of their emotions on social media while the fresh graduates with early careers expressed negative emotions through social media. This study helps to comprehend youngsters' concerns.

Optical Properties of CuS Nanofluid for Spectral Splitting Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid System

Jie Zhang — 2023-12-31

Spectral splitting medium is very important in the solar energy spectral splitting photovoltaic/thermal hybrid system. Existing nanofluid as a medium including ZnO, ZrO, TiN and MgO did not have an ideal absorption effect in infrared band, which made the photothermal units fail to obtain higher temperatures. Due to good thermal conductivity and modulable spectral radiation characteristics, CuS is proposed as an alternative nanofluid in a PV/T hybrid system. To ensure the suitability of such nanofluid, the optical properties and its performance need to be observed. Therefore, the UV3600 spectrophotometer was used to measure the collimated transmissivity, hemispherical transmissivity and hemispherical reflectivity. The results showed that 10 mm thick of CuS nanofluid had completely different selective absorption characteristics from water. Collimated transmissivity, hemispherical transmissivity and hemispherical reflectivity decrease drastically at the PT band which give more than 90% absorption. Due to the stronger scattering effect of CuS nanoparticles in visible band, the hemispherical transmissivity of CuS nanofluid is slightly larger than collimated transmissivity, which the difference between their maximum values is 5%. These optical properties provide strong support for the wide application of CuS nanofluid in the spectral splitting photovoltaic/thermal hybrid technology.

The Sentiment Analysis of Public Opinion in Indonesia about Argentine as Champions of FIFA World Cup 2022

Muhammad Iqbal — 2023-12-31

Football is one of the most popular games in the world. The FIFA World Cup Championship, the biggest competition in football, is contested every four years. 32 teams from all over the world participated in the 2022 FIFA World Cup, which was held in 2022. In Indonesia, there were 126 million active users daily on average in the fourth quarter of 2018. This study helps categorize tweets against feedback given to indihome products. Sentiment analysis can be used to reveal public opinion on an issue, service satisfaction, policies, cyber-bullying, stock price forecasting, and competition analysis. This research aims to analyze the sentiments of Twitter users on the topic of Argentina as Champions of the FIFA World Cup 2022. Using the Vader sentiment library and the Lexicon-based method, sentiments are generated. 54.41% of the results of the sentiment analysis have a positive value, 23.53% have a neutral value, and 22.06% have a negative value.

- Stability Analysis of Quadrotor

Nor Laili Mahmud — 2023-12-31

Abstract

The Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can fly independently or be operated remotely. Quadrotors are a form of UAV that has been widely used for a variety of purposes. Its system design incorporates several control approaches. This study aims to analyse the stability of unmanned aerial vehicle called Quadrotor, using Lyapunov method. Lyapunov’s stability theory was widely used for stability analysis of nonlinear dynamic systems. The key to applying the Lyapunov stability analysis is to find a Lyapunov function. The stability analysis analysed theoretically and also using Matlab software. So finally, the output from theoretical analysis and also output from Matlab approach are compared. From the comparisons, found that the result from theoretical method and Matlab method was same. Both methods prove the quadrotor system was stable. The difference between these two methods was the difficulty and process to obtain the result. The Matlab method was convenient and easy to use when compared to theoretical method. The results also more can be proved visually using graphical method in Matlab method which cannot be proved in theoretical method. In this study also, the fully derived mathematical modelling of Quadrotor presented, since in available papers out there its hard to find fully derived mathematical modelling of Quadrotor. So, this study will be helpful for quadrotor researchers to refer the fully derived mathematical modelling of Quadrotor.

A New Approach to Prevent the Cybercrime in E-Banking: A Case Study in Tanjung Bungah

KRUDHARSHAINI A/P NAGAPAN — 2023-12-31

Malaysia is a developing ICT-based knowledge-based society.
Internet is used daily by businesses, governments, and people. As more people rely on information systems, networks, and the internet, Malaysia's cybersecurity must be maintained.

Internet. First-hand knowledge of e-banking security was gained through a sequential mixed-methods study. This study investigates Malaysian bank cybercrime. This study explores how financial literacy, public awareness, ICT, education, and law enforcement affect cybercrimes and countermeasures. Examining how companies tackle cybercrime reveals how it affects them. 341 e-banking Malaysians were surveyed.
This cross-sectional study had 341 participants. Financial literacy, public awareness, ICT, education, and law enforcement affect cybercrime resistance. 26 persons were interviewed. The banking industry and regulations affected several recommendations. This study's results aren't generalizable because they focus on banking. Comparative research in industries with varied cultural and SOP policy environments will corroborate the conclusions. Security and knowledge help fight cybercrime. Security and financial literacy programmes should be expanded to educate customers about cybercrime. Malaysian cybercrime study integrated these topics.
This study shows ways to combat cybercrime.

Classification Algorithm on Raisin Dataset

Ni Wayan Parwati Septiani — 2023-12-31

Raisins are dried grapes that are consumed globally and contain components that are helpful to human health. Research indicates that raisins can reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering blood sugar and blood pressure. This paper will focus on simple classifier, there are Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Multinomial Naïve Bayes, Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, and k-Nearest Neighbor classifier to classify raisin (kecimen or Besni). Among those three algorithms, k-Nearest Neighbor (k = 3) accuracy outperforms the other two classification algorithms. It resulted an accuracy 86,7%.

E-mail Spam Filtering using Machine Learning: Comparing Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression Algorithm

Fachri Ardiansyah — 2023-12-31

We compare the performances between two machine learning classifier algorithms for Email spam
filtering. Before the application or machine learning, handcrafted rule-based algorithms were used based on some
“spammy” keywords which were unreliable and underperforming. The Classifier Algorithms that are compared
are Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression. The corpus we used was the Ling-Spam dataset from Kaggle. We
compared the performance of the naive Bayes algorithm to the Logistic Regression classifier and found that
Naive Bayes Algorithm performs better spam classification than Logistic Regression.

Development of IoT Based Load Carrier

Mohammad Emran Rusli — 2023-12-31

A shopping trolley is supplied by the supermarket, grocery store, etc, for use by customers or consumers inside the shop for transport of their grocery things. However, there are safety issues of these shopping trolley that imposes problems to humans. The major problem in using shopping trolley is the difficulty to use by different age group of people particularly old age people by carrying overweight. Therefore, a motorized wheel and obstacles avoidance sensor shopping trolley control by a smartphone system controller is evolved to reduce these problems. This project aims to develop and design a prototype motorized portable robot based on an electric DC motor with the smartphone control system to control the movement of the trolley by an android application with teleoperate based on IOT(Arduino) method. Meanwhile, a portable robot can easily be installed under shopping trolleys. In addition, study and analyse the load and no-load speed on the prototype with varying duty cycle (0% to 100%) of pulse width modulation (PWM) Arduino for finding the suitable speed for the prototype. The speed selection based on human average walking speed behaviour is 1.01 ms^-1. It was found that an acceptable speed was recorded for the prototype at 40% of the duty cycle. As conclusion all objectives of this research have been achieved, according to the findings of several analysis.

Study the Properties of Irradiated Packaging Material-A Short Review

Siti Amira Othman — 2023-12-31

Plastics become the most favourite use among society due to its own characteristics in aspect of barrier properties and strength, we are able to get them anywhere, plus they are cheap, resistible with water and very flexible. Also these days people would mould the polymer into any kind of shape. Lots of efforts have been done to reduce the amount of plastics but not work really well, even with the 3R program, reduce, reuse and recycle. For that reason, bioplastics are born to educate people for having better choices in saving the earth. Carbohydrate-based polymers were most famous as the polymers came from starch, cellulose, lactic acid and lactide, polyhydroxyalkanoates and chitosan which were easier to obtain, especially polymers from starch as it was the cheapest among others. Ratio of amorphous and crystalline regions play huge role in bioplastic. Using only starch and water is not enough to compete with polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). Therefore, plasticizers need to add in to enhance water barrier and mechanical strength. Plasticizers such as glycerol, sorbitol, citric acid and even beeswax have been tested in several studies for reducing water permeability. However, water permeability for bioplastic is quite high due to presence of water itself as plasticizer makes some bioplastic easier to attract water molecule. Fortunately, adding with other plasticizer will affect relative humidity (RH) where water content of material will follow it. Other than that, content of moisture test can tell the level of hydrophilicity of a material. Meanwhile, in contact angle measurement, sessile droplet mostly used for examine wettability. Angle of 0 labelled as the most hydrophilic and 180 for super-hydrophobic. When it comes to industrial use, gamma radiation and electron beams are generally involved. The reason for gamma radiation is because gamma rays are extreme in penetration and Cobalt 60 mainly used and often for sterilization purpose. Abstraction, recombination, disproportionation and polymerization are effect due to exposure of ionizing radiation which lead to crosslinking or degradation of the chemical bonds of polymer. Reaction of irradiation towards oxygen reported that formation of free radicals can occur. By the presence of free radical, crosslinking of the polymer may occur due to the potential possessed by the attacked chain. Nevertheless, result would not be equal for all polymer as different presence of molecule might react differently. In the end, the effect towards polymer can be figured out with examine molecular weight.

Privacy Violation by CCTV in Public Places

Ali Mohammed Ali Alwahaibi — 2023-12-31

Nowadays, due to increased attention to security and policy, the public wants to check whether their surroundings are safe and secure. Cyber threats and cyberattacks are becoming more common as technology advances. The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether the placement of CCTV cameras in public places can jeopardize users' privacy. Our methodology is to select random images from the proposed dataset and then observe and classify the privacy violations in certain positions of CCTV in different places, such as ATMs, libraries, and schools. applying the chi-square formula to evaluate and get the p-value of the violation. Our indicator is set to 2% for the violation acceptance margin. The research yielded a 66.5% violation rate, and we conclude that the CCTV position can jeopardize the privacy of users in various locations.